BIOCHEMISTRY Detail

BIOCHEMISTRY Tests

Biochemistry in Pathology is a fascinating field that bridges the gap between biochemical processes and disease states. Let’s delve into it:

1. Biochemistry Tests:

   • Biochemistry involves a series of blood tests used to evaluate the functional ability of critical organs and systems in the body. These tests provide valuable insights into various health conditions.
   • Some common biochemistry tests include:
     • Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar levels, including fasting, post-prandial (2 hours after a meal), and random glucose levels.
     • Renal Function Test (RFT): Assesses kidney function by measuring parameters like urea, serum creatinine, sodium, and potassium.
     • Liver Function Test (LFT): Evaluates liver health through measurements of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT (AST), SGPT (ALT), total protein, and albumin.
     • Lipid Profile: Determines cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) and triglycerides.
     • HbA1C: Reflects long-term blood sugar control in diabetes.
     • Uric Acid: Relevant for gout and kidney function.
     • Calcium Levels: Total calcium and serum inorganic calcium (iCa+).
     • Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG): Monitors blood pH, bicarbonate levels, and oxygen/carbon dioxide levels related to lung function.
     • Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT): Assesses how the body processes glucose over time.
   • These tests help diagnose and manage various conditions, from diabetes to liver disorders 1.

2. Chemical Pathology (Clinical Biochemistry):

   • Chemical pathology (also known as clinical biochemistry) investigates bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
   • By analyzing changes in the body’s chemistry, diseases can be diagnosed and monitored.
   • Chemical pathologists play a crucial role in diagnosing a wide range of illnesses, from high cholesterol to rare genetic diseases 23.

3. Scope of Biochemistry:

   • Biochemistry provides insights into the molecular processes associated with living cells.
   • It helps us understand nutrient metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions.